I. Technical Specifications
- Molecular Formula: C_32H_49N_9O_5
- Molecular Weight: 639.8 g/mol
- CAS Number: 736992-21-5
- Sequence: D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (Dmt = 2,6-dimethyltyrosine)
- Appearance: White Lyophilized Powder
- Solubility: Highly soluble in Water or Bacteriostatic Water
II. Compound Overview
SS-31
, also known as Elamipretide
or Bendavia
, is a member of the Szeto-Schiller peptide family. It is a small, cell-permeable tetrapeptide with a net 3+ positive charge
that allows it to bypass the plasma membrane in an energy-independent manner. Once inside the cell, it selectively accumulates 1,000 to 5,000-fold at the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM)
. Unlike traditional antioxidants that scavenge ROS systemically, SS-31 targets the very source of oxidative stress: the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Taurus Peptides provides this compound in 10mg and 50mg
formats, vacuum-sealed for maximum research integrity.
III. Mechanism of Action (The “Science” Section)
Current literature suggests that SS-31
functions primarily by binding selectively to cardiolipin
, a unique anionic phospholipid found exclusively on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Researchers observe that cardiolipin is essential for organizing the respiratory chain into “supercomplexes.” When cardiolipin is oxidized or depleted, these supercomplexes destabilize, leading to electron leakage and the overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).
By stabilizing cardiolipin, SS-31 restores mitochondrial cristae structure and promotes the efficient transfer of electrons
between cytochrome c and the respiratory complexes. This mechanism is thought to re-energize ischemic mitochondria
, increasing ATP production while simultaneously decreasing the release of pro-apoptotic factors like Cytochrome C. This dual action makes SS-31 a primary candidate for studies involving ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and age-related metabolic decline.
IV. Observed Research Outcomes
- Enhanced Bioenergetics: Studies observed a significant increase in O2 consumption and ATP synthesis in models of mitochondrial dysfunction following SS-31 administration.
- Neurovascular Protection: Research indicates that SS-31 restores neurovascular coupling and improves cognitive markers in aged animal models by reducing cerebrovascular oxidative stress.
- Reduction of Inflammatory Mediators: When evaluated in inflammatory models, researchers noted the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and a reduction in TNF-\alpha and IL-6 levels.
V. Storage & Handling
- Storage: Lyophilized SS-31 should be stored at -20^\circ C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, store at 4^\circ C and use within 14 days.
- Handling: SS-31 is a relatively stable tetrapeptide but is sensitive to light. Ensure the vial is kept in a dark environment. Reconstitute with a sterile, pH-neutral diluent and swirl gently; avoid vigorous shaking to preserve the integrity of the peptide’s dimethyltyrosine (Dmt) moiety.
